The purpose of this study was to summarize published analyses of various technology uses and sleep outcomes and to. Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences. Chen sh, weng lz, su yr et al 2003 study on the establishment of chinese internet addiction scale and its psychometric characteristics. The association between internet addiction and psychiatric co. However, there are few studies on the psychiatric symptoms associated with excessive use of online games. Predictive values of psychiatric symptoms for internet. Department of medical biophysics and nuclear medicine, hadassah hospital, ein kerem, jerusalem, israel, and department of nuclear medicine, sourasky medical center, tel aviv, israel background. Moreover, there is a significant of gender difference in internet addiction, t 118 2. Modified version of the revised chinese internet addiction scale cias 61. Keep uptodate by signing up for alerts for new journal issues.
Online gaming technology has developed rapidly within the past decade, and its related problems have received increasing attention. It was created by south korean psychologists to measure the number of internet users, specifically those under the age of 18. In the present study, we hypothesized that different facets of trait impulsivity may be specifically linked to the brain regions with impaired impulse inhibition function in iga adolescents. Psychometric properties of the revised chen internet addiction scale ciasr in chinese adolescents. Pdf this paper reports the results from two waves of studies on the. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Moreover there are various studies using each scale mentioning differing reliability coef. The study provided description on adolescent internet addiction and examined significant differences in terms of gender, type of. The relationship between internet addiction and anxiety. Development and validation of a game addiction scale for adolescents jeroen s.
This study aims to explore the prevalence of aia and associated symptoms in a large populationbased sample in shanghai and identify potential predictors related to personal. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of online gamers, and the association between online gaming. All questionnaires were translated into chinese form english for the benefit of the subjects. Backgrounds internet addiction ia has become a major public health issue worldwide and is closely linked to psychiatric disorders and suicide. A number of risk factors for internet addiction among adolescents have been identified to be associated with their behavior, familial, and parental factors. Portable technological devices have become a ubiquitous part of adolescents lives and may affect their sleep duration and quality. Pathological use of the internet was assessed by the internet addiction test, also known as the youngs internet addiction scale, designed by young. An interactional model for a clearer conceptualization of exercise addiction alexei y. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ia and its associated psychosocial and psychopathological determinants among internet users across different age groups. This and other relationships between digital media use and mental health have been under. Epidemiology of internet behaviors and addiction among adolescents in six asian countries.
Aug 16, 2014 many studies have determined the existence of an extremely close association between internet addiction and depression. Internet addiction is commonly referred to as electronic opium or electronic heroin in china. Valkenburg, and jochen peter the amsterdam school of communications research ascor, university of amsterdam, amsterdam, the netherlands the aim of this study was to develop and validate a scale to measure computer and videogame addiction. Chens internet addiction scale cias 29 was the most fre quently used. The chen internet addiction scale cias, the selfrating anxiety scale sas, the selfrating depression scale sds, and the barratt impulsiveness scale11 bis11 were administered to assess the participants clinical features. They completed a series of selfreported measures, including chen internet. Highly engaged gaming and its potentially adverse effects have been the subject of ongoing debate in media and science, most commonly in relation to problematic playing behaviours among adolescents. The chen internet addiction scale 17 is a selfreport instrument composed of 26 items rated on a 4point likert scale adapted in table 4. Addiction test and internet addiction diagnostic questionnaire. The internet has become one of the most important information resources for adolescents. The variations in internet behaviors and addiction across countries were examined. Problematic internet use piu or internet addiction disorder iad is characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, urges, or behaviors regarding internet use that lead to impairment or distress. Comorbidity crosssectional studies on samples of patients report high comorbidity of internet addiction with psychiatric disorders, such as affective disorders, anxiety disorders including gener. Epidemiology of internet behaviors and addiction among.
Therefore, we investigated the association between parental mental health and. Computer and video game addictiona comparison between game users and nongame users aviv malkiel weinstein, ph. Multidimensional correlates of internet addiction symptoms. However, those two cohort studies excluded the students already cias. Petersburg, russia 2department of psychiatry and addictions, mechnikov northwest medical university, st. Objective to translate, adapt and validate the smartphone addiction inventory spai in a brazilian population of young adults. Kuss, the generalized problematic internet use scale2 in a french sample. A total of 3662 students 2328 boys and 34 girls were recruited from seven junior high schools, six senior high schools, and four vocational high schools in southern taiwan. Effect of pathological use of the internet on adolescent. Psychometric properties of the revised chen internet. The rapid and unfettered increase in the number of people accessing a relatively unrestricted internet.
While time is not a direct function in defining internet addiction, generally addicted users are likely to use the internet anywhere from forty to eighty hours per week, with single sessions that could last up to twenty hours. Internet addiction, while not yet officially codified within a psychopathological framework, is growing both in prevalence and within the public consciousness as a potentially problematic condition with many parallels to existing recognized disorders. Oct 24, 2014 the chen internet addiction scale cias, the selfrating anxiety scale sas, the selfrating depression scale sds, and the barratt impulsiveness scale11 bis11 were administered to assess the participants clinical features. The overall prevalence of smartphone ownership is 62%, ranging from 41% in china to 84% in south korea. Proposed diagnostic criteria and the screening and diagnosing. Internet addiction scale revealed that among the sample, 3. The association between parental depression and adolescent. The association between online gaming, social phobia, and. Chinese internet addiction scale chen, weng, su, wu. Internet use has grown exponentially worldwide to more than 2. Internet addiction and substance experience were classified according to the score of chen. Pdf development of chinese internet addiction scale and its. However, the reasons for the depression of internet addicts have not been fully investigated.
Despite the involvement of a number of psychosocial factors, a biological processone that is induced by repeated exposure to an addictive stimulusis the core pathology that drives the development and maintenance of an addiction. The association between internet addiction and psychiatric. In this framework, internet addiction levels of the individuals were analyzed using arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t test, anova and lsd analyses. Method we employed the translation and backtranslation method for the adaptation of the brazilian version spai spaibr. Computer and video game addictiona comparison between game. An empirical study on cutoff points for the chen internet addiction scale article pdf available in the kaohsiung journal of medical sciences 2112. Jul 28, 2012 the content of the questionnaire included demographic data, profiles of internet usage and online gaming, and selfrating scales of depression and somatic symptoms scale dsss, social phobia inventory spin, and chen internet addiction scale cias. This crosssectional study aims to explore the factors that influence depression among internet addicts. Kuss, the generalized problematic internet use scale 2 in a french sample. The internet addiction test young, 1998 emerged as the most frequently used scale for internet addiction bowen and firestone, 2011, frangos et al. Pdf psychometric properties of the revised chen internet. Pdf risk factors of internet addiction among internet users. The chen internet addiction scale cias has been widely used in taiwan 12.
The aim of this study is to produce an overall value for the reliability yiat20, drawing from a large sample of studies. The internet addiction scale showed a strong relationship with dysfunctional social behaviors. Internet addiction was assessed using the internet addiction test iat and the revised chen internet addiction scale ciasr. The revised chen internet addiction scale ciasr the ciasr is a 26item selfreport questionnaire with a fourpoint likert scale ranging from 1 does not match my experience at all to 4 definitely matches my experience.
The aims of this study were to develop diagnostic criteria of internet addiction for college students dciac with diagnostic interviews and to establish the optimal cutoff points of the chen internet addiction scale cias for the purposes of screening for and making the diagnosis of internet addiction. Pdf risk factors of internet addiction among internet. Trait impulsivity and impaired prefrontal impulse inhibition. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between parental mental health and internet addiction among adolescents. Psychometric properties of the internet addiction test in chinese. Perceived parenting styles as predictor of internet addiction in adolescence. Adaptation of internet addiction scale in azerbaijani language eric. A higher total score indicates a more severe level of internet addiction. Chen internet addiction scale defines ia mainly by 1 withdrawal, compulsive use, and tolerance. Pdf development of chinese internet addiction scale and. Internet gaming addiction 4 although researchers tend to use a variety of different conceptualizations.
The chen internet addiction scale cias is a 26item selfreported measure with good reliability and validity 7, and has been used to. The rapid and unfettered increase in the number of people accessing a relatively unrestricted internet substantially increases the possibility. The cias contains 26 items on a 4point likert scale with the scaled score ranging from 26 to 104 chen et al. Many studies have determined the existence of an extremely close association between internet addiction and depression.
The clinical utility of the chen internet addiction scalegaming. Instruments the revised chen internet addiction scale ciasr the ciasr is a 26item selfreport questionnaire with a four point likert scale ranging from 1 does not match my experi ence at all to 4 definitely matches my experience. Paralleling the rapid growth in internet access is a rise in internet addiction, especially among adolescents, gaining increased attention from the popular media, government authorities, and researchers. Effect of social support on depression of internet addicts.
In summary, the term internet in the cias was replaced by smartphone and authors added one question to assess the use of. The most frequently used questionnaire until now is youngs internet addiction test yiat20. Therefore, this study validates an indonesian translation of the chen internet addiction scale cias. The questionnaire of experiences related to internet has been validated in spain 14, the compulsive internet use scale cius in holland 15, and. Proposed diagnostic criteria and the screening and. The relationship between internet addiction and anxiety among. Inadequate sleep quantity and quality is a public health concern with an array of detrimental health outcomes. Assessment of in vivo microstructure alterations in gray. Recent studies suggest that internet gaming addiction iga is an impulse disorder, or is at least related to impulse control disorders. Personal characteristics related to the risk of adolescent.
Mak kk1, lai cm, ko ch, chou c, kim di, watanabe h, ho rc. Previous studies have developed selfreported ques tionnaires to measure the severity of internet addiction 6,7. Perceived parenting styles as predictor of internet addiction. Family factors of internet addiction and substance use experience in taiwanese adolescents juyu yen, m.
International journal of research in education and science ijres, 12, 167174. A total of 162 male internet addicts completed the emotional and social. The minimum and maximum scores of the cias are 26 and 104, respectively. Risk factors of internet addiction among internet users. The scale score is developed based on 6point likert scale from 1 completely disagree to 6 completely agree. An analysis on the correlation and gender difference. Problematic internet use questionnaire with 18 items developed by. Internet gamblers, internet gamers, internet workaholics, internet sexaholics, internet erotaholics, internet shopaholics, internet relationship and social networking addicts. Development and validation of a game addiction scale for.
It assesses five domains of internetrelated problems. Griffiths addiction components 2005, including salience. Internet addiction or excessive internet use 279 rates of internet addiction have been examined elsewhere 12, 36. The present research endeavor, as the first empirical study, qualifies as a pilot study in azerbaijan to help accurately determine internet addicts. However, there is no significant association between internet addiction among the lower and upper secondary students of smjk pei yuan. Despite inconclusive or inconsistent definition for this disorder, usage of the internet is growing rapidly each year especially among adolescents, making it imperative to look into factors that can be correlated to it. Internet addiction and relationships with insomnia. This study aimed to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of ciasr in hong kong chinese adolescents. The ultimate aim is to provide and validate a model that is economical and assessing potential internet addiction and may be used in applied psychology contexts, such as prescreening in clinical settings. Authors based the spai on the chen internet addiction scale cias. The 1998 version of the abovementioned questionnaire was used in this study. Paralleling the rapid growth in computers and internet connections, adolescent internet addiction aia is becoming an increasingly serious problem, especially in developing countries.
It assesses five domains of internet related problems. Assessment of the accuracy of a new tool for the screening. In addition, the revised chen internet addiction scale ciasr was. Internet addiction disorder iad also known as problematic internet use or pathological internet use is generally defined as problematic, compulsive use of the internet, that results in significant impairment in an individuals function in various life domains over a prolonged period of time. Perceived parenting styles as predictor of internet.
May 30, 2014 internet addiction ia is a newly identified condition that has attracted worldwide attention and involves loss of control over internet use14. Egorov1,2,3 and attila szabo4,5 1department of psychiatry and addictions, faculty of medicine, st. Matthias brand, theoretical models of the development and maintenance of internet addiction, internet addiction, 10. Psychometric properties of the internet addiction test in chinese adolescents. Adaptation of internet addiction scale in azerbaijani. Lin and chang developed and validated the spai for the screening of smartphone addiction in a taiwanese sample of graduate students in 2014. The government of the peoples republic of china is the first country to formally classify internet addiction a clinical disorder by recognizing clinical diagnostic criteria for internet addiction in 2008. Regarding the measurement of internet addiction, the study adopts the chinese internet addiction scale designed by cheng et al. Methods the study was a crosssectional survey initiated by the taiwan. Assessment of the accuracy of a new tool for the screening of. Proceedings of the world congress on engineering 2012 vol i wce 2012, july 4 6, 2012, london, u. The revised chen internet addiction scale ciasr was developed to assess internet addiction in chinese populations, but its psychometric properties in adolescents have not been examined. The mini mum and maximum scores of the cias are 26 and 104, respectively. Internet communication disorder and the structure of the.
We used the chen internet addiction scale cias to assess participants severity of internet addiction in the month preceding the study. Korea scale k scale is a checklist used to diagnose and evaluate the rate of internet addiction throughout the population of south korea. Definition of substance and nonsubstance addiction. Internet addiction inventory with 31 items developed by chen and colleagues. Family factors of internet addiction and substance use. Given the significant correlation of wechat addiction scores as well as sending text messages with age e. The psychometric properties of youngs internet addiction scale include the following characteristics. This topic will be addressed in more detail in the section on classification and assessment. It also appears to be the most validated assessment 28 studies in 17 different languages. Internet addiction and relationships with insomnia, anxiety. Data was collected through an electronic questionnaire, which consisted of. The chen internet addiction scale cias is a 26item selfreported measure with good reliability and validity 7, and has been used to measure the severity of adolescent internet addiction 4. A metaanalysis of the reliabilty of youngs internet. Internet gaming addiction iga, the most popular subtype of internet addiction, has been extensively studied and is currently included in section 3, the research appendix, of the diagnostic and statistical manual version 5 dsmv.